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Diagnosis. Equulites leuciscus can be distinguished from all other leiognathids by the following combination of features: a rhomboid shaped body (> 38 % BD); a dorsal flank pattern of dark, thin to broad semicircular and oval shapes, a markedly elongate 2 nd dorsal fin spine, a translucent triangular lateral flank patch in males that does not reach the pectoral-fin base or comprise a continuous or broken midlateral stripe. Equulites leuciscus can be further distinguished from E. elongatus and E. rivulatus by possessing a much deeper body (38 - 47 % vs. 12.5 - 29.7 % of SL) and from E. laterofenestra and E. klunzingeri by a translucent flank patch in males that does not reach the pectoral fin axil. The triangular lateral flank patch of males in E. leuciscus easily distinguishes it from E. antongil, E. stercorarius, and E. moretoniensis, all of which have a continuous or broken midlateral stripe.