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The genus comprises approximately 42 species primarily found in coastal habitats and freshwaters. Most species are found in freshwater habitats, with many exhibiting an amphidromous lifestyle. However, there are also examples of species exclusively found in freshwater, including those from Madagascar, New Guinea, the Philippines, and Sulawesi. Notably, several species are endemic to the Malili Lakes in Sulawesi. A number of the Malili species are pelagic, exhibiting an enlarged swim bladder. Glossogobius ankaranensis is a troglomorphic, cave-dwelling species native to Madagascar. Glossogobius are often common and abundant in the lower reaches of rivers and streams. They play an important role as predators in their ecosystems. Three species have been recorded from West Asia. Still, their distribution is poorly known, and more species are likely to occur, particularly along the coast of Oman and Yemen, including Socotra. A comprehensive review of the diversity of these gobies is required. Glossogobius are important in coastal fisheries due to their relatively large size and the palatability of their flesh, which lacks bones. These fish are consumed locally and exported fresh and frozen, even to Europe and West Asia.